The author gives reflections on the U.S. National Preparedness System and the emergency response mechanisms, and on the HHS’s Strategic National System in major public health incident responses, using the case of responses to the incident of the H1N1 Pandemic Influenza outbreak in 2009-2010. It is concluded that China, on its way to modernization, should promptly buildup a national system of capabilities for incident responses. Fundamental roles of central fiscal support are emphasized in the policy advises.