The evolution of the poverty alleviation system in China can be roughly divided into four stages: the poverty relief stage (1949-1978), the institutional reform stage (1978-1985), and the multi-dimensional policy poverty alleviation stage (1986-2013) and the targeted poverty alleviation (2014-2020). Since the 18th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, China has introduced a series of extraordinary policy measures, built a set of effective policy systems, work systems, and institutional systems, and embarked on a path of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics. With the development of anti-poverty theory with Chinese characteristics, China completely won the battle against poverty, contributed Chinese wisdom and Chinese solutions to the global poverty reduction, and won high praise from the international community.