Historical Turks and Turkic peoples refer to tribal clusters composed of nomadic tribes such as Tiele living in the ancient Jinshan (present-day Altai Mountains) area in the 5th century AD. In the middle of the 6th century AD, they established powerful khanate which ruled many northern ethnic groups and vast areas. The country split after being hit by repeated offenses in the Tang Dynasty.Part of it went westward into Central Asia, and soon became racially, linguistically, and culturally integrated into the local ethnic groups. At this point, the Turkic people and the Turkic peoples in the ethnological sense no longer exist. It is precisely because of this historical reason that there is no record of Turks in Chinese historical records after the Tang Dynasty.

In the 7th century AD, Islam was founded on the Arabian Peninsula and built a strong Arab empire. Starting in the middle of the 8th century, the Arab Empire expanded eastward. While conquering the military, a large number of scholars were sent to spread Islam in Arabic and Persian. But after entering Central Asia, We found that most local residents speak a different language. As a result, these scholars subjectively called it "Turkic", and accordingly called the local residents "Turkic people", and called the Central Asian region "Turkistan" (Persian, meaning the place where Turkic people lived). In the 18th century, Central Asian studies rose in Britain, Germany, France, Russia and other countries along with the colonial expansion of European powers. European scholars’ research on Central Asia is based mainly on various notes written by Arabs and Persians since the 8th century after they entered Central Asia. Therefore, European scholars also used the so-called "Turkic language" and "Turkic people". And “Turkistan”, and accordingly define similar languages scattered on the Eurasian continent as different branches of the Turkic language family of the Altaic language family, and call the peoples who use these languages as the Turkic language-speaking peoples, for this history misreading has put on the perfect academic cloak. The accelerated colonization of European powers in Eurasia caused a cultural backlash. Some Asian cultural elites who resisted foreign powerful civilizations also used the European-centric academic discourse system and set off a trend of nationalism for their own use.

Pan-Turkism is a populist social and political ideological trend that emerged in the Crimean Tatar cultural elite under the rule of Tsarist Russia at the end of the 19th century. It aims to unite the Turkic-speaking nations in Eurasia to form a relatively powerful community. Trying to resist the invasion and assimilation of Slavic culture based on the annexation of the territories of the Tsarist Russian Empire. Although the proponents of this trend of thought made perfect designs and plans, they were quickly submerged in the wave of Russian culture due to the weakness of the ethnic group. At this time, the Turks, who accelerated their studies in Europe, brought back the results of Turkology at that time, and artificially planted "Turkic blood" in the narrative of the disintegrating Ottoman Empire's history and culture. At the same time, pan-Turkicists who were suppressed in the Tsarist Empire fled to Turkey in large numbers. When the Ottoman Empire entered the First World War, the nationalists represented by the Young Turkish Party raised pan-Turkism as the imperial power strategy. After the end of the First World War, the Ottoman Empire was on the verge of disintegration, and the disbanded Young Turks continued to advocate pan-Turkism as a cure for the country. At the beginning of the 20th century, Turkey in the post-Ottoman era replaced the Tsarist Tatars as the main standard-bearer of Pan-Turkism.

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Turkic-speaking countries in Central Asia and South Caucasus became independent successively. Turkey took the opportunity to expand its influence on the Turkic cultural identity in the former Soviet region. In addition to entering the Central Asian and South Caucasus markets in the fields of investment, trade, construction, retail, and clothing, permanent mechanisms such as the meeting of heads of state of Turkic-speaking countries and the cooperation committee of Turkic-speaking countries have also been established. Countries in Central Asia and South Caucasus were faced with the dual dilemma of nation-state reconstruction and economic system restoration in the early days of independence. It has become a common practice to use Turkey’s assistance to ease the pressure on the founding countries. In this context, the Turkish nationalists once again pushed pan-Turkism back to the stage of world history, dreaming of establishing a "Union of Turkic-Speaking Nations" extending from the Bosphorus Strait to the foot of the Great Wall. Nearly 30 years after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia’s influence in Central Asia and the South Caucasus has been declining. In particular, Turkey’s support for Azerbaijan in the 2020 Naka War has successfully regained lost ground, which has swelled the nationalists headed by Erdogan again. Proposed the establishment of the "Union of Turkic Nations". On November 12, 2021, the Turkic State Cooperation Committee was upgraded to a Turkic State Organization. This event undoubtedly constitutes an important variable in the current geopolitical structure of Eurasia, and will have a complex impact on non-Turkic-speaking countries, including China and Russia, which have a large population of Turkic-speaking ethnic groups.